JERUSALEM, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researchers have reconstructed the spine and rib cage of the Neanderthals in 3D and found that they were not as bent and clumsy as previously thought, the Hebrew-language "Ynet" reported on Sunday.
Neanderthals are an extinct species of archaic humans that appeared about 400,000 years ago and disappeared some 30,000 years ago.
They lived mainly in Europe and Western Asia, and the Land of Israel was their southernmost border.
The Neanderthals were hunter-gatherers who lived in caves, set fire, made flint tools, and survived several ice ages.
The researchers, from Bar-Ilan University and Ono Academic College, both in the center of Israel, created a three-dimensional model of a Neanderthal skeleton found in a cave in northern Israel - based on CT scans of the fossilized bones.
According to the researchers, the reconstruction shows that the Neanderthals stood upright, had a large chest and breathed mainly through the diaphragm muscle.
The study found that the direction of the Neanderthal ribs is more horizontal than in modern humans.
The combination of horizontal ribs along with a large diaphragm shows that Neanderthals relied primarily on the diaphragm for breathing, whereas modern human relies on a combination of diaphragm work and movement of the ribs.
The thoracic structure is a key to understanding the Neanderthals' integration into the territory in which they lived, because it indicates their movement, breathing, and equilibrium abilities.
Understanding how the Neanderthals fit their environment allows a better understanding of evolution.
In addition, the movement of Neanderthals has a direct effect on their ability to rely on the existing resources in the environment in which they lived and their chances of survival.
